Measures

Every measure you can ask for: 619 in 68 groups. A group costs one credit a place, whichever of its measures you ask for. IDs read as topic, group, measure, such as income.household.median.

The years each number describes are in every answer, and in GET /variables.

Demographics

Population, age, households and education

Daytime population demographics.daytime

How many people are in the area on a weekday during working hours, beside how many live there: people whose main job is in the area, plus residents who don't go out to a job. Estimated from where people live and work, not counted in person.

Disability demographics.disability

People with a disability: serious difficulty hearing, seeing, thinking or remembering, walking, caring for themselves or living on their own, as they or their household describe it.

Education demographics.education

How much schooling adults in the area have finished.

School enrollment demographics.enrollment

How many residents are enrolled in school, from preschool to graduate school, wherever the school is.

Population estimates demographics.estimates

How many people live in the area each July 1 and how that's changing, from the U.S. Census Bureau's yearly estimates (counted from the 2020 Census forward with births, deaths and people moving), the newest year and since April 1, 2020. Counties' numbers are shared out to any shape by its people inside; cities (incorporated places) have their own population.

Household types demographics.household_types

Who lives together: families, married couples, parents with children, and people living alone.

Households demographics.households

How many households live in the area.

Languages spoken at home demographics.language

What languages people speak at home, and how many speak English less than very well.

Who's moving in demographics.migration

How many households and people moved into and out of the area over a year, and their incomes beside those of the households that stayed, from address changes on federal tax returns: each return stands for a household. These count moves between counties, so they're published for counties and shared out to smaller areas by their households; moves within a county aren't counted, and people who don't file a tax return aren't either.

Where residents were born demographics.nativity

Where the people who live in the area were born: in the state, elsewhere in the country, or abroad.

Population and age demographics.population

How many people live in the area, and how old they are.

Population projections demographics.projections

How many people each state's own demographers project the area will have in 2030, 2040 and 2050, and the change from 2020, from each state's official county projections. Each state projects its own way and on its own schedule, so each number carries its projections' date; a state that publishes none isn't covered. Counties' numbers are shared out to any shape by its people inside.

Race and Hispanic origin demographics.race

The share of people in each race and Hispanic origin category the Census Bureau uses, as people describe themselves. Each person counts once: Hispanic or Latino people of any race, and everyone else by their race alone or two or more races.

Veterans demographics.veterans

People who served on active duty in the U.S. armed forces and are now civilians.

Income & poverty

Household income, income per person and poverty

Household income income.household

What households in the area earn in a year.

Poverty income.poverty

How many people live below the poverty line.

Income from tax returns income.tax_returns

How many households filed a federal income tax return in the area, the people on them, their total and average adjusted gross income, and the share with $200,000 or more, as the IRS reports them by ZIP code. Each return stands for a household; people who don't file aren't counted. The IRS publishes these by ZIP code only, so they're shared out to other areas by the households in each ZIP code's blocks.

Housing

Homes, vacancy, owners and renters, home values, rents and new homes approved

Building permits housing.building

Work local governments approved with building permits in the last 12 full months, and how that changed from the 12 months before: new homes, demolitions, renovations and what they cost, solar panels, EV chargers and heat pumps. A permit counts work approved, not work finished. These come from the permits each city publishes, so only the cities Kadrin covers have numbers; anywhere else is shown as not covered, never as zero, and a shape partly outside them says how much of it is covered. Apart from new homes, work a city marks as commercial is left out.

Housing costs as a share of income housing.cost_burden

How much of their income households spend on housing. Spending 30% or more is the usual line for being cost-burdened, 50% or more for severely cost-burdened.

Home values and rents housing.costs

What homes in the area are worth and what renters pay.

Mortgages for buying a home housing.mortgages

Mortgage applications to buy a home in the area, as lenders report them under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act: how many were made, how many loans were made and how many denied, the dollars lent, and the median loan and home buyer's income. These count first mortgages for a home of 1 to 4 units that the buyer will live in, from lenders that report under the act (most do; some small and rural lenders are exempt). Lenders report the census tract of each home, so numbers for areas smaller than a tract are shared out by its homes.

New homes approved housing.permits

How many new homes local governments approved with building permits in a year, by kind of building. A permit counts work approved, not homes finished. The numbers come from the Census Bureau's survey of permit offices, which fills in estimates for offices that didn't report. They're published for counties, so for a smaller shape we share out each county's number by where its homes are.

Kinds of homes and their age housing.structures

What kinds of buildings homes are in, and when they were built.

Homes, vacancy and ownership housing.units

How many homes are in the area, how many are empty, and how many are owned or rented.

Vacant and seasonal homes housing.vacancy

Homes no one lives in, by why: for rent, for sale, or kept for seasonal or occasional use.

Labor market

Jobs located in the area, and residents' employment

Job growth labor.growth

How the number of jobs located in the area changed over the last 5 and 10 years, from employer records.

Jobs in the area labor.jobs

Jobs whose workplace is in the area, by pay and by industry, from employer records.

Layoff notices labor.layoffs

Announced large layoffs and plant closings: the notices employers file with the state, usually 60 days ahead, when they plan to lay off 50 or more workers at a site or close it, and the jobs they name, over the last 12 months. Not every job loss: smaller layoffs aren't in them, and the final numbers can differ.

Unemployment each month labor.monthly_unemployment

How many residents are working or looking for work, and how many can't find a job, estimated every month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics a few weeks after the month ends, not seasonally adjusted. It publishes them for counties, every city and town in New England and cities of 25,000 or more, so for a smaller shape we share out each town's (or, outside New England, each county's) numbers by where its adults live. A different measure from Residents at work (the ACS's five-year averages).

Jobs and wages each quarter labor.quarterly_jobs

Jobs at workplaces covered by unemployment insurance (about 95% of jobs; the self-employed aren't in it), workplaces and wages, from employers' quarterly reports to their states, a few months after each quarter ends. BLS publishes them for counties, so for a smaller shape we share out each county's numbers by where its jobs are. A different measure from Jobs in the area (LODES, by block, one year at a time).

Industries residents work in labor.resident_industries

The industries the people who live in the area work in, wherever they work: not the jobs located in the area (Jobs).

What residents do for work labor.resident_occupations

The kinds of work the people who live in the area do, wherever they work: not the jobs located in the area (Jobs).

Hiring and turnover labor.turnover

Jobs, hiring, people leaving jobs, jobs created and lost, and earnings at workplaces in the area each quarter, from state unemployment insurance records the Census Bureau links (the Quarterly Workforce Indicators). It publishes them for counties, so for a smaller shape we share out each county's numbers by where its jobs are. Each state's newest quarter differs; the numbers say which quarter they're for.

Residents at work labor.workforce

How many residents are working or looking for work, and how many can't find a job.

Businesses & amenities

Counts of places such as grocery stores

Investment advisory firms businesses.advisers

How many investment advisers registered with the SEC have their main office in the area, from the SEC's monthly file of registered advisers (Form ADV). Firms are counted once, where their main office is; advisers registered only with a state (smaller firms) aren't included.

Bank branches and deposits businesses.banking

How many bank branches are in the area and the deposits their banks hold at offices there, as of June 30 each year, from the FDIC's Summary of Deposits. These cover banks and savings institutions the FDIC insures; credit unions aren't included.

Business openings and closings businesses.change

New businesses starting up, and business locations opening and closing: applications to start a business filed in the year, and business locations with paid employees that opened or closed. The Census Bureau publishes them for counties, so for a smaller shape we share out each county's applications by where its people live, and its business locations by where its jobs are.

Places and amenities businesses.places

How many shops, restaurants and other places of each kind are in the area.

Police, fire, hospitals and post offices businesses.public_facilities

Public buildings in the area and how far the nearest of each is: fire and EMS stations, police stations, hospitals, ambulance services, post offices, city and town halls, courthouses, and prisons, from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Structures Dataset (The National Map). Schools and colleges are in Education.

Workplaces, jobs and payroll businesses.workplaces

Business locations with paid employees, their jobs in mid-March and the year's payroll, by industry, from the Census Bureau's County Business Patterns. The Census Bureau publishes them for ZIP codes, so for a shape we share out each ZIP code's numbers by where its jobs are. Government, the self-employed and most farms aren't counted. A different measure from Jobs in the area (LODES, by block) and Jobs and wages each quarter (from unemployment insurance).

Health outcomes

Health outcomes, insurance, Medicare, care facilities, shortage areas and food access

Care facilities health.facilities

How many nursing homes and community health center sites are in the area, with nursing homes' beds and those rated 4 or 5 stars, and how far the nearest of each is, in a straight line from the place. Lists from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (nursing homes certified to serve Medicare or Medicaid patients) and the Health Resources and Services Administration (health centers it funds or certifies).

Food access health.food_access

How many people live far by road from a store that accepts SNAP (more than 1 mile in towns and cities, 10 miles in the country), how many live in low-income neighborhoods where many do, and how many food stores accepting SNAP are in the area, by type, and how far the nearest supermarket is. Distances are from USDA's Food Access Research Atlas (2025; stores authorized as of June 2025, any type but farmers markets, so a convenience or dollar store counts), by neighborhood; stores are USDA's current list of those authorized to accept SNAP.

Health insurance health.insurance

The share of people without health insurance, and the share covered by each kind (through an employer, bought directly, Medicare, Medicaid or military coverage), from the American Community Survey (2020 to 2024), for people who don't live in institutions such as prisons or nursing homes and aren't in the military. A person with two kinds counts in each. The Census Bureau also estimates the share without health insurance each year for every county with a statistical model (Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, 2024), for people under 65; those measures say "county model" and give the area's counties' figures.

Medicare Advantage health.medicare

How many people are eligible for Medicare, how many are enrolled in Medicare Advantage or another private plan that replaces Original Medicare, and the share enrolled, each month, from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. People count where they legally live, by county, so an area's numbers come from the counties it touches, each by its adults inside. Connecticut and Alaska aren't covered for now: CMS leaves them out until its records use their new county lines.

Medicare spending and use health.medicare_use

What Original Medicare spends per beneficiary in the area, adjusted for local prices and as paid, and how often its beneficiaries stay in a hospital, visit an emergency room and are readmitted, from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Geographic Variation data (2024). Covers people in Original Medicare, not Medicare Advantage. CMS publishes these by county, so an area's figures come from the counties it touches, each by its adults inside.

Overdose deaths health.mortality

Drug overdose deaths among the area's residents in the latest 12 months the CDC has published, and the rate per 100,000 people. These are provisional counts: death records still arriving and causes still under investigation make them a little low, and the CDC revises them as records come in. The CDC doesn't publish a county's count between 1 and 9, so an area reaching such a county has no count. Counts are by county, so an area's figure comes from the counties it touches, each by its people inside.

Health outcomes health.outcomes

The share of the area's adults with chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma and high blood pressure, with disabilities, who smoke, drink heavily or get no exercise, who get checkups and screenings, and who face needs such as food insecurity, from the CDC's PLACES estimates (2025 release, from its 2023 survey of adults, 2022 for five measures). These are model estimates, not counts: the CDC combines its telephone survey of adults with Census counts of who lives in each neighborhood, so they show where conditions are likely more common, not what local programs have achieved, and each comes with a range the true share very likely (95% of the time) falls in. The CDC gives each census tract's estimate (a neighborhood-sized area of about 4,000 people), so numbers for other areas average their tracts, each counting by its adults. Some states have no estimate for some measures: Kentucky and Pennsylvania for the 2023 measures, and 11 states for health-related social needs such as food insecurity.

Health care shortage areas health.providers

Where health care is short: the share of the area's homes in places the federal government designates as having too few primary care, dental or mental health providers, for everyone who lives there or for a group of residents (Health Professional Shortage Areas).

Social vulnerability health.vulnerability

How socially vulnerable an area is, as the CDC and ATSDR's Social Vulnerability Index ranks every census tract in the country on 16 measures from the American Community Survey: overall, and for its four themes. Ranks run from 0 (least vulnerable) to 100 (most); an area larger than a tract takes its tracts' ranks averaged by their people, so it is a typical neighborhood's rank, not a rank of the area itself. Two versions: the index CDC published (2022, from 2018-2022 survey data), and the same method on the newest survey data (2020-2024), computed by Kadrin.

Environment & hazards

Natural hazards, flood zones and flood insurance, regulated sites, fuel tanks, drinking water, and oil and gas wells

Flood zones environment.flood

How much of the area's homes and land FEMA's flood maps place in the 1% annual chance floodplain (the special flood hazard area, where federally backed mortgages need flood insurance) and in the 0.2% annual chance zone, where FEMA has digital flood maps. These say where mapped floodplains are, not how likely any home is to flood: maps are drawn for the conditions of their study, and many are years old. Areas without digital maps, or in zone D (flood hazard undetermined), aren't counted either way.

Flood insurance environment.flood_insurance

Federal flood insurance (the National Flood Insurance Program) in the area: policies in force, their coverage and premiums, and the claims paid after floods. Private flood insurance isn't included. Dollars are as paid each year, not adjusted for inflation. FEMA places each policy and claim in a census block group, so for a smaller shape we share out each block group's numbers by where its homes are.

Natural hazard risk environment.hazards

How much natural hazards threaten the area, from the Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Risk Index, December 2025 (version 1.20), the latest FEMA has published: the losses 18 hazards such as hurricanes, floods, tornadoes and wildfires are expected to cause each year on average, and risk scores from 0 to 100 that rank each census tract (a neighborhood-sized area of about 4,000 people) against every other tract in the country, adjusted for how vulnerable its people are and how resilient its communities. These are FEMA's model estimates for broad comparisons and planning, not forecasts for any one property. FEMA gives each census tract's numbers, so numbers for other areas come from their tracts: losses shared out by where homes are, scores averaged by where people live.

Contaminated and regulated sites environment.sites

How many sites in EPA's cleanup and pollution programs are in the area, and how far the nearest of each kind is from the place, from EPA's Facility Registry Service and Toxics Release Inventory. These say where sites are and how near; they don't measure health risk, since sites differ widely in what they hold or release, and many are cleaned up or well controlled.

Underground fuel tanks environment.tanks

How many underground storage tank facilities (gas stations and others storing fuel or chemicals underground) and leaking tank releases are in the area, and how far the nearest release still being cleaned up is, from EPA's UST Finder, as states reported them in 2018 and 2019. These say where tanks and releases are and how near, not what anyone is exposed to: most releases are cleaned up, and many never reached anyone's water.

Drinking water environment.water

How much of the area's homes community water systems serve, by the service areas EPA maps, and how much are served by systems with a health-based violation of drinking water rules in the last 5 years, as states report them to EPA. A violation means a system broke a health-based rule (a contaminant limit, a required treatment, or health-based monitoring) at some time in those years, not that its water is unsafe now. Homes on private wells, or served by systems without a mapped area, aren't counted.

Oil and gas wells environment.wells

How many oil and gas wells are in the area, by where they stand (active, idle, orphaned or plugged), how many people and homes are within 1 kilometer of an active or idle well, and how many new wells the state permitted in the last 12 full months, as each state's oil and gas regulator records them. These count wells and distances; they don't measure health risk, since wells differ widely in what they release. Only the states Kadrin covers have numbers; anywhere else is shown as not covered, never as zero, and a shape reaching outside them gets the number for the part inside them, with how much of it is covered. States with no oil or gas production show zero active and idle wells.

Tax incentives

Opportunity Zones, Qualified Census Tracts, Difficult Development Areas, New Markets Tax Credit areas and HUBZones

Tax-incentive zones incentives.zones

How much of the area is in places where federal tax incentives apply to investment or to building homes: the share of its homes in each kind of zone, by the 2020 Census. Where nobody lives, the share of its land instead.

Transportation

Traffic on major roads, transit, EV charging, getting to work and fatal crashes

Getting to work transportation.commuting

How residents usually get to work, and how many households have no car. Commuting is where residents work from, not who works in the area.

Fatal traffic crashes transportation.crashes

People killed in traffic crashes on public roads in the area over five years (2020 to 2024), from NHTSA's census of fatal crashes, with pedestrians and cyclists killed. For counties, states and the nation, also the newest year's deaths and deaths a year for every 100,000 residents. Crashes without a known location count in their county only.

EV charging transportation.ev_charging

Public electric vehicle charging stations in the area and their charging ports, in all and by charging level, from the Department of Energy's list of fueling stations.

Traffic transportation.traffic

How busy the major roads in and near the area are: the average daily traffic (how many vehicles pass a spot on an average day of the year, both directions together) on the busiest of them, on all of them averaged by length, and on the one nearest the place, with the miles driven on them a day. Major roads are Interstates, freeways, arterials and major collectors: the roads every state measures traffic on, leaving out minor collectors and local streets. Each state reports its roads' traffic to the Federal Highway Administration for the year; a road not counted that year carries the state's estimate from an earlier count.

Transit transportation.transit

How many transit stops are in the area and how often transit stops there: the departures from its stops on a weekday, from the schedules transit agencies publish.

Consumer spending

What households spend a year, in all and by category, modeled from their incomes

Consumer spending spending.categories

How much an area's households spend a year, in all and by category, modeled from what households at each income spend in their part of the country: the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Consumer Expenditure Surveys' average spending by income in each Census region, applied to the area's households by income from the American Community Survey. It reflects the area's incomes and region, not its own prices or habits, and the range around each number covers both surveys' sampling error.

Time use

How residents spend their week, and how many people are present at each hour, modeled from who lives and works there

Time use timeuse.activities

How the area's residents 16 and older are likely to spend their week: hours working, commuting, caring for children, shopping, eating out, exercising, at leisure and asleep. A model, not a count: the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' American Time Use Survey (2022 to 2025) gives the average week of people of each sex, age band and employment status nationally, and the American Community Survey gives how many of each live in the area. So it varies only with who lives there, not with local habits, and each number comes with a margin of error from both surveys.

People present by hour timeuse.presence

About how many people are in the area at each hour of an average weekday and weekend day: residents at home, people at work and students at school, from where people live, work and study and how Americans spend their days. A model, not a count.

Education & child care

Public schools and colleges, with child care coming later

Colleges and universities education.colleges

Colleges and universities located in the area that grant degrees, four-year and two-year, the students enrolled at them in the fall and the beds in their campus housing, from the National Center for Education Statistics' yearly survey of colleges. These count students at colleges in the area, wherever they live, and a college's students count at its main address, its other sites included.

Public schools education.schools

Public schools located in the area and the students enrolled at them, from the National Center for Education Statistics' Common Core of Data. These count students at schools in the area, not students who live there: a high school near the edge of a shape may draw most of its students from outside it.

Broadband

Home and business internet service offered, its speeds and providers

Home and business internet broadband.fixed

Internet service providers offer at the homes, apartment buildings and businesses in the area, as providers report it to the FCC: how many places could get service, the share offered high-speed internet (100 Mbps download and 20 upload, the FCC's own bar), gigabit or fiber service, and how many providers offer it.